Table of Contents
DISCLAIMER: Liveparkinsons.com is reader supported. The post contains affiliate links for products I personally use and recommend. If you click and purchase, I receive a small commission at no additional cost to you that is used to support this website.
Preventing Falls with Parkinson’s – Introduction
Living with Parkinson’s disease presents a unique set of challenges, and one of the most significant concerns is maintaining balance and preventing falls.
The very nature of Parkinson’s, with its impact on movement and coordination, can increase the risk of falls, potentially leading to injuries and a loss of independence. In fact, studies suggest people with Parkinson’s experience falls.
One study found “60.5% (range 35 to 90%) of participants reported at least one fall, with 39% (range 18 to 65%) reporting recurrent fall”. Recurrent Falls in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review, Parkinson’s Disease: Volume 2013, Issue 1: Wileyonline.com, Allen, Schwarzel and Canning, November 12, 2012.
But there’s good news: by understanding the connection between Parkinson’s and falls and implementing proactive strategies, you can significantly enhance your safety and maintain an active, fulfilling life.
This article offers actionable and practical tips to improve your balance and stability, empowering you to navigate your daily activities with greater confidence.
Understanding the Link Between Parkinson’s and Falls
What Causes Falls in Parkinson’s Patients?
Several factors related to Parkinson’s disease can contribute to an increased risk of falling:
- Changes in posture and gait: Parkinson’s can lead to a stooped posture and a shuffling gait with reduced arm swing, making it harder to maintain balance.
- Muscle stiffness and rigidity: Stiffness (rigidity) can limit flexibility and make it difficult to adjust quickly to changes in balance.
- Freezing of gait (FOG): This sudden, temporary inability to move the feet forward, often described as feeling “stuck,” is a significant cause of falls.
- Impaired balance and coordination: Parkinson’s affects the intricate systems that control balance and coordination, making it challenging to stay steady.
How Parkinson’s Affects Balance
The depletion of dopamine, a crucial neurotransmitter affected by Parkinson’s, plays a significant role in motor control, including balance. This depletion can disrupt the signals between the brain and the body that are necessary for maintaining stability.
The connection between balance, stability, and fall risks is direct. When balance is compromised, even minor stumbles can lead to a fall. Recognizing early signs that your balance might be worsening is crucial. These signs can include:
- Feeling unsteady or wobbly, especially when turning or changing positions.
- A tendency to lean forward or backward.
- Difficulty walking on uneven surfaces.
- Increased reliance on furniture or walls for support.
For more information on how Parkinson’s affects balance, read the article, A Primer on Balance and Parkinson’s, Davis Phinney Foundation.
Strategies for Preventing Falls with Parkinson’s
Taking a multi-faceted approach is key to minimizing fall risks. Here are several strategies you can implement:
Get Your FREE copy of 9 Balance Exercises to Improve your Balance with Parkinson’s
Home Safety Modifications
Creating a safe living environment is a fundamental step in fall prevention:
- Keep living spaces clear and free of clutter: Remove obstacles like loose papers, electrical cords, and unnecessary furniture from walkways.
- Arrange furniture to maintain clear pathways: Ensure there is ample space to move around without bumping into objects.
- Install grab bars and handrails: Place them in key areas like bathrooms (near the toilet and shower/tub) and along stairways.
- Ensure proper lighting: Use bright lights throughout the home, especially in hallways and stairwells. Consider nightlights for nighttime trips to the bathroom.
- Remove or secure rugs: Loose rugs are a major tripping hazard. Either remove them or use non-slip backing to keep them firmly in place.
Exercises to Improve Balance and Strength for Preventing Falls with Parkinson’s
Regular, low-impact exercise can significantly improve stability and reduce the risk of falls:
- Benefits of low-impact exercises: Activities like tai chi, yoga (with modifications), and specific physical therapy routines can enhance balance, flexibility, and muscle strength without putting excessive strain on the body.
- Specific exercises: Your physical therapist can design a personalized exercise program that targets balance, gait, and strength.
- Examples might include weight shifts, heel-to-toe walking, and gentle leg and core strengthening exercises.
- Stretching: Regular stretching can help reduce muscle stiffness and improve posture, both of which contribute to better balance.
- Importance of consistency: Aim for regular exercise sessions, even if they are short. Consistency is more important than intensity.
- Working with trained instructors or therapists: Seek out instructors or therapists who have experience working with individuals with Parkinson’s to ensure exercises are performed correctly and safely.
For more information on balance exercises for preventing falls with Parkinson’s Disease, read my articles:
Parkinson’s and Balance Training – 10 Proven Exercises for Better Balance
Better Balance and Stability For Parkinson’s: Unexpected Benefits Of Exercise
Move Your Body, Fight Parkinson’s: 5 Best Parkinson’s Exercises to Improve Strength & Balance
Assistive Devices for Preventing Falls With Parkinson’s
Assistive devices can provide valuable support and stability:
- Overview of devices: Canes (single-point or multi-point) and walkers (standard or rolling) are common devices that can aid balance.
- Choosing the right device: Consult with your doctor or physical therapist to determine the most appropriate device for your individual needs and level of mobility.
- Practical tips for proper use: Ensure your cane or walker is the correct height and learn how to use it properly to maximize its benefits and prevent accidents.
- Proper non-slip footwear: No slip, rubber soled sneakers with a wide base and good ankle support are good options to help with balance.
For walking shoes, I use and recommend ASICS Men’s GT-2000 12 Running Shoe – they provide good cushion on my feet when walking, have good ankle support and have a good grip rubber sole for traction.
To help improve my balance when I’m walking, I train with walking/hiking poles, which is known as Nordic walking. I recommend the following walking poles.
For additional information on assistive devices for Parkinson’s, read the article Assistive Technology & Devices by the Parkinson’s Foundation.
Medication and Treatment Adjustments
Managing your Parkinson’s symptoms effectively is crucial for fall prevention:
- How medications help: Medications can help manage motor symptoms like stiffness, slowness, and tremor, which can indirectly reduce the risk of falls.
- Consulting with healthcare providers: Regularly discuss your medications with your doctor. Dosage adjustments or changes in medication might be necessary to optimize symptom control and minimize side effects that could increase fall risk (like dizziness or lightheadedness).
- Importance of regular follow-ups: Regular check-ups allow your healthcare team to evaluate your symptoms, monitor your balance, and assess your overall fall risk.
Developing Better Movement Habits for Preventing Falls With Parkinson’s
Conscious effort in your daily movements can make a big difference:
- Strategies to combat freezing of gait (FOG): Techniques like stepping over an imaginary line, shifting weight from side to side, or using visual or auditory cues (like counting or tapping) can sometimes help overcome freezing episodes. Work with an occupational or physical therapist to learn effective strategies.
- Making slow, deliberate movements: Avoid rushing. Take your time when standing up, sitting down, and walking to allow your body to adjust and maintain balance.
- Practical tips for safely getting in and out of chairs or beds: Use sturdy furniture for support and avoid twisting your body. Move slowly and deliberately.
- Importance of focusing during movements: Pay attention to what you are doing, especially when walking or navigating uneven surfaces. Avoid distractions like looking at your phone.
Emotional and Mental Health Considerations for Preventing Falls with Parkinson’s
The Role of Anxiety and Fear of Falling
The fear of falling can be a significant issue for individuals with Parkinson’s. This anxiety can paradoxically lead to more cautious and restricted movement, which can actually weaken muscles and further increase the risk of falls.
- Tips to build confidence: Engage in activities that you feel comfortable and safe doing. Gradually challenge yourself within your limits. Consider joining support groups to connect with others and share experiences.
- Seeking psychological support: If fear of falling is significantly impacting your quality of life, consider talking to a therapist or counselor who can help you develop coping strategies.
Support from Caregivers and Loved Ones for Preventing Falls with Parkinson’s
Family members and caregivers play a vital role in fall prevention:
- How they can assist: They can help create a safe home environment, encourage participation in exercise programs, and provide support and reassurance.
- Encouraging open communication: Encourage the person with Parkinson’s to communicate any difficulties with balance or any near-falls they may experience.
- Checking for signs of worsening balance: Caregivers can observe for changes in gait, posture, or increased reliance on support.
To help improve your quality of care, Get a copy of the Building a Parkinson’s Care Team Resource Guide and Workbook
FAQ’s – Preventing Falls with Parkinson’s
- What exercises are best for improving balance with Parkinson’s? Tai chi, yoga (with modifications), and specific exercises prescribed by a physical therapist that focus on balance, gait, and strength are highly beneficial.
- How can family members help a loved one prevent falls at home? By ensuring a clutter-free environment, installing safety features like grab bars, and encouraging the use of assistive devices when needed.
- Are assistive devices necessary for everyone with Parkinson’s? Not necessarily. The need for assistive devices varies depending on the individual’s symptoms and balance. Consult with a doctor or physical therapist for personalized recommendations.
- Can certain medications increase the risk of falling? Yes, some medications can cause side effects like dizziness or lightheadedness, which can increase fall risk. It’s important to discuss all medications with your doctor.
- What are some early signs that indicate an increased risk of falling? Feeling unsteady, leaning, difficulty with turns, and increased reliance on support are early warning signs.
- Which type of professional should be consulted to assess fall risks? Your primary care physician, neurologist, and a physical or occupational therapist can all play a role in assessing and addressing fall risks.
Conclusion – Preventing Falls with Parkinson’s
Preventing falls with Parkinson’s requires a proactive and comprehensive approach. By understanding the factors that contribute to falls, implementing home safety modifications, engaging in appropriate exercises, utilizing assistive devices when necessary, and developing mindful movement habits, you can significantly reduce your risk and maintain your independence.
Remember, you are not alone in this journey. Don’t hesitate to seek advice and support from your healthcare professionals, therapists, and support networks. With the right strategies and a commitment to safety, you can navigate life with Parkinson’s with greater confidence and enjoy a higher quality of life.
